LAW
The word 'law' is used in many cases. According to Blackstone's opinion, law in the most well-known and understood sense means the rule of action. The scope of such a rule includes all kinds of work and such works can be conscious-unconscious, resolved and non-volatile. Thus we can say that laws of speed, law of polarity, laws of machines, laws of nature and laws of nations are all generally law or law, but in this sense the meaning of law is not understood.
Therefore, broadly speaking the word 'law' is used in two senses-
(1) General Law
(2) Juridical law jurists are concerned only with this.
General Law:-
Law proves the regularity and uniformity of actions in its general sense. Samand writes that the meaning of law in the broad and general sense is the rule of any act, that is, any such criteria according to which actions are done, or actions should be done, is called law. Montesquieu says that methods in the broadest sense are essential relations derived from the nature of things. The gods have their own methods, the material world has its own methods and men have their own. On the basis of this definition, there are three types of methods-
(A) Divine Laws
(B) Physical Laws
(C) Human Laws.
Divine Laws are related to the will of God. Thus they appropriately take the form of Dharmashastra. Physical methods are manifestations of the order of nature. They include laws related to motion, attraction, etc. Human methods can be divided into two parts—
(a) which are enforced by an uncertain entity and
(b) which are enforced by a definite entity.
The first type of laws can be called moral laws, because they are based on behavioral ethics and the second type Laws can be called civil laws, because they are laws that apply to the citizens of a country. The first type of laws is called Austin's Rules of Positive Morality and the second type of laws are called explicit laws. Public approval is hidden behind the first type of methods, on the basis of which they are It can be said to be different from natural laws. It also includes the rules of fashion, rules related to respect and social issues. In other types of laws, there is the approval of the state.
(2) Juridical Law: -
Under this law, the law means civil law, which is also called explicit law, law of lawyers or law of the states. It is related to the laws made by the state.
According to Hollande, law is a series of general rules governed by a certain human, political power. This human power is the supreme political man-power of a political society. He again says that law is a general rule of man's external acts enforced by a political sovereign power.
Rudolr Schlesinges also states that law is the practice of general rules of behavior which are accepted by the state.
Hobbes writes that civil law is the order of the person who has the most power in his city to carry out the future affairs of the subjects.
Austin says that explicit law is a series of general rules which are carried out by independent political power.
Ehring says that "statutory law without pressure is like a fire that can neither burn nor shine."
Salmond has made some changes in this definition. He says that law is a set of principles which are recognized by the state and the state uses them in the publication of justice. In other words, law is said to be the rules which the courts recognize and apply to do justice.
There are other definitions in this regard, according to which it is necessary to know the law -
According to the Vedas, "Vidhi is the king of kings and more powerful than kings. There is no one more powerful than law, with the help of which the weak also get help and the weak are powerful." But he can assert his just authority.
Demosthnese says that "every method is the gift of God and is the decision of the sages by which man spends his life." This is the general goal of the nation, by which a man follows the laws in his daily life. Austin said---"Law is the order which regulates the behavior of man.
Ulpian says- "Law is the science or art of justice and goodness."
According to Green, “Law is a series of rights and duties, which are enforced or enforced by the state."
According to John Erskine - "Law is that command of the sovereign, by which the people do not lead their normal life and are bound to obey that sovereign."
Dean Pound says- "Law is a collection of certain principles and rules which are accepted by the people and by which the administration of justice takes place."